Early Modern Speeches
16th to 19th-century speeches spanning royal proclamations, anti-slavery movements, constitutional debates, and revolution.

Second Inaugural Address ('With Malice Toward None')
— Abraham Lincoln (16th President of the United States)
"With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in."

The Gospel of Wealth
— Andrew Carnegie (Industrialist & Philanthropist)
"The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced."

The Atlanta Cotton States Exposition Speech ('The Atlanta Compromise')
— Booker T. Washington (Educator & Founder of Tuskegee Institute)
"Cast down your bucket where you are—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded."

1854 Oration on Environmental & Tribal Sovereignty
— Chief Seattle (Leader of the Suquamish and Duwamish Tribes)
"Yonder sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people for centuries untold... may change. Today it is fair. Tomorrow it may be clouded."

Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies
— Edmund Burke (British Statesman & Philosopher)
"Magnanimity in politics is not seldom the truest wisdom; and a great empire and little minds go ill together."

The Destructive Male
— Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Suffragist & Women's Rights Leader)
"The male element is a destructive force, stern, selfish, aggrandizing, loving war, violence, conquest, acquisition."

The American Scholar
— Ralph Waldo Emerson (American Essayist and Philosopher)
"Man Thinking must not be subdued by his instruments. Books are for the scholar's idle times."

What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?
— Frederick Douglass (Abolitionist, Orator & Statesman)
"What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim."

Abjuration of Heliocentrism
— Galileo Galilei (Astronomer & Physicist)
"I abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies... that the Sun is the center of the world and immovable."

The Gettysburg Address
— Abraham Lincoln (16th President of the United States)
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

Speech to the Soldiers of the Expedition of the Thousand
— Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian General & Patriot)
"I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor provisions; I offer hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death."

Last Speech to the Court
— John Brown (Abolitionist Leader)
"Had I so interfered in behalf of the rich, the powerful, the intelligent, the so-called great... it would have been all right."

I Have Not Yet Begun to Fight!
— John Paul Jones (Captain, Continental Navy)
"I have not yet begun to fight!"

Second Inaugural Address ('With Malice Toward None')
— Abraham Lincoln (16th President of the United States)
"With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in."

Spontaneous Generation and Germ Theory
— Louis Pasteur (French Chemist and Microbiologist)
"No, there is now no circumstance known in which it can be affirmed that microscopic beings came into the world without germs, without parents similar to themselves."

Speech at the Diet of Worms
— Martin Luther (Theologian & Leader of the Protestant Reformation)
"My conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything."

Proclamation to the Grande Armée After Austerlitz
— Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor of the French)
"Soldiers! I am pleased with you. You have decorated your eagles with immortal glory."

Farewell to the Old Guard
— Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor of the French)
"Soldiers of my Old Guard: I bid you farewell. For twenty years I have constantly accompanied you on the road to honor and glory."

Harnessing the Power of Niagara Falls
— Nikola Tesla (Inventor and Electrical Engineer)
"We have many a monument of past ages; we have the palaces and pyramids, the temples and the cathedrals; but the hydroelectric power plant at Niagara is a monument worthy of our scientific age."

Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!
— Patrick Henry (Virginia Founding Father & Orator)
"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"

Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
— Queen Elizabeth I (Queen of England)
"I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too."

Ain't I a Woman?
— Sojourner Truth (Abolitionist & Women's Rights Activist)
"That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches... Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?"

Is It a Crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote?
— Susan B. Anthony (Suffragist & Women's Rights Pioneer)
"It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union."

Address at the World's Parliament of Religions
— Swami Vivekananda (Hindu Monk & Spiritual Leader)
"Sisters and Brothers of America... It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us."

The Strenuous Life
— Theodore Roosevelt (Governor of New York / 26th US President)
"I wish to preach, not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenuous life, the life of toil and effort, of labor and strife."

Proclamation to the Princes and People of India
— Queen Victoria (Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India)
"In their prosperity shall be our strength, in their contentment our security, and in their gratitude our best reward."

Constitutional Equality ('Address to the House Judiciary Committee')
— Victoria Woodhull (Suffragist & First Female Candidate for U.S. President)
"Women are citizens, and no State has the right to make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States."

Address to the Officers at Newburgh
— George Washington (Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army)
"Gentlemen, you will permit me to put on my spectacles, for I have not only grown gray but almost blind in the service of my country."

Abolition of the Slave Trade Speech
— William Wilberforce (British Member of Parliament & Reformer)
"So much misery condensed in so little room is more than the human imagination had ever before conceived."